Halloween- reposted from October 31, 2010, and still relevant!

 

Halloween is nearing the end, and all our children will be enjoying their candy tonight. Here are some hints to preserve their teeth:

- Sticky candy will break braces and aggravate TMJ problems. If you are wearing braces or have TMJ/facial pain DO NOT EAT chewing gum, gummy bears, taffy, jelly beans, and other sticky candies. If the candy is hard to bite through, break it into very small pieces before eating it.

- Avoid eating candy that sits on your teeth a long time. A Kit Kat Bar or a Hershey's Kiss will do less damage than a lolly pop or sucking candy.

- Rinsing your mouth with water after eating candy will decrease the risk of white spots and cavities. In addition, spraying your mouth with Carifree spray or sucking a xylitol "candy" will inhibit the bad bacteria (in  your mouth) that have feasted on the sugar you just ate.

- Rinsing with fluoride rinse before bed daily (especially important if candy was eaten that day) will help reverse the damage that candy does to your teeth.

- If there are already white spots (the beginnings of cavities) present, your dentist can use Curodont to help the lesions remineralize (fading the white spots.)

Why did my teeth shift after the braces came off? Part 3: unfavorable growth.

 

Why did my teeth shift after the braces came off?

I often hear from patients that their teeth moved after their braces came off and they want to know why.  There are basically 3 reasons for a failed case (that was treated well.)

1. The patient did not wear their retainers properly. This is patient error.

2. The patient did not eliminate mouth habits, and did not wear appliances to protect them from their mouth habits. This is a combination of patient and dentist error (if the dentist did not make the patient aware of their habits, and/or did not make appliances that could protect the patient from these habits.)

3. The patient grew unfavorably. No one had control over this one. 

(4. If the teeth were not aligned in the middle of the bone ridge, they will relapse to be centered in the ridge again. The treating dentist had control over this reason.)

The next few blogs will address these errors. Today we will address #3: unfavorable growth.

Unfavorable growth is the growth that takes place after the braces are removed which destroys the final bite. One jaw grows more than the other. The teeth in each jaw may stay perfectly aligned, but the bones that support the teeth may not stay in balance with each other. 

We can all see that children look like their parents.  Facial balance is also genetically determined. Parents with “buck teeth” have children with “buck teeth”; Parents with “underbites” have children with “underbites.” Although we can change the skeletal balance and esthetics with orthodontic orthopedics in young patients, the patients continue to grow after their active orthodontic treatment is complete.    A patient who started with their front teeth sticking out “way too far” will relapse in that direction- their top jaw will continue growing and after several years they may have front teeth that stick out farther than when they completed treatment. This relapse growth issue is seen most vividly in “underbite” cases. The bottom jaw will continue growing for many years after the top jaw stops growing, so a patient who started with a prominent lower jaw will continue growing that prominent lower jaw and the lower jaw may “outgrow” the balance that had been achieved with the orthodontic orthopedic treatment. In addition, lower jaw bones rotate internally, although the outside remodels and looks the same.  The lower front teeth  tip forward with this rotation and in order to stay behind the upper teeth, the lower teeth develop "middle age crowding."

The skull, like the rest of the body, shows early growth “high up” and later growth “low down.”  We see this in babies who have large skulls with respect to the rest of the body versus adults who have small skulls with respect to the rest of the body.  The skull stops growing earlier than the legs stop growing.  Within the skull, the top of the face stops growing earlier than the bottom of the face. The midface stops growing earlier than the lower face.  With orthodontic orthopedics (palatal expansion with headgear treatment) we can modify the growth of the maxilla (upper jaw), which is in the mid-face. Palatal expansion is successful in girls until about age 12, and in boys until about age 14, when the midface stops growing.  While creating width of the upper jaw (palatal expansion) forces can be exerted on the jaw to restrain the growth (traditional straight pull headgear to the top of the head and the back of the neck) or to increase the amount of growth in the forward direction (with front pull headgear against the forehead and chin.) These treatments are no longer effective after the midface has finished growing because the sutures (the zippers between the bones) close with physical maturity. The mandible (the lower jaw which is in the lower third of the face) continues to grow for many more years than the maxilla (upper jaw bone), until about age 17 in girls, and until about age 23 in boys.  If the mandible was genetically programmed to be small, we do not notice the forward growth of the mandible after the maxilla stops growing.  If the mandible was genetically programmed to be large, the forward growth of the mandible is obvious and often results in a return of the “underbite.” 

When I treat “underbite” cases I overcorrect the forward correction of the maxilla, leaving the young patients with the opposite problem from which they presented.  They start with the upper teeth and jaw behind the lower teeth and jaw, and I finish them with the upper teeth and jaw too far forward for the lower teeth and jaw. An ideal bite has the upper front teeth one to two millimeters in front of the lower front teeth.  A Class III underbite may have the upper front teeth behind or tip to tip to the lower front teeth.  I overcorrect the jaw position leaving the upper teeth three to four millimeters in front of the lower teeth in order to allow for up to 2mm more lower jaw growth in the future.  I do not aim for a correction of over-jet to 5mm because I do not want to take the risk that the lower jaw does not have a late growth spurt, and the final result (as an adult) remains with excessive over-jet (seen as “buck teeth.”) Anticipating how much relapse growth will take place is an educated guess based on family history and the appearance of the parents.

Another phenomenon, related to unfavorable growth is the relapse of tooth rotations and teeth that grew in to the outside or inside of the arch form.  The longer the teeth “live” in the poor position, the more they have ingrained that “memory” of that position.  If the size of the arch form is corrected early and the teeth grow into a straight position, the teeth are more likely to stay in a straight position.  If the jaw size is corrected and the teeth aligned within a year after the teeth erupt, the teeth are more likely to stay in a straight position.  If the jaw size is corrected as an early teenager, the teeth already have a memory of the crooked position, and are more likely to return to that crooked position after orthodontic treatment has been completed.  If the teeth are aligned in adults, after facial growth is complete, the teeth are much more likely to return to the crooked position.  This is why night time retainer wear is so important in patients whose teeth were aligned later in life.

Why did my teeth shift after the braces came off? Part 2: mouth habits

 

Why did my teeth shift after the braces came off?

I often hear from patients that their teeth moved after their braces came off and they want to know why.  There are basically 3 reasons for a failed case (that was treated well.)

1. The patient did not wear their retainers properly. This is patient error.

2. The patient did not eliminate mouth habits, and did not wear appliances to protect them from their mouth habits. This is a combination of patient and dentist error (if the dentist did not make the patient aware of their habits, and/or did not make appliances that could protect the patient from these habits.)

3. The patient grew unfavorably. No one had control over this one.

4. If the teeth were not aligned in the middle of the bone ridge, they will relapse to be centered in the ridge again. The treating dentist had control over this reason.

The next few blogs will address these errors. Today we will address #2: mouth habits.

A mouth habit is something you do with your mouth other than talking and eating.  Some examples include biting your fingernails, biting your pen/pencil, chewing on your lips or inside of your cheeks, leaning your tongue on your teeth, and grinding/clenching your teeth. Any force that you exert on your teeth, if it is applied for enough time, will move your teeth.  Patients who bite their pencil consistently in the same area of their mouth will either push the bottom tooth toward the tongue, push the top tooth out towards the lip, or a will form a gap vertically between the top and bottom tooth where the pencil sits. Patients who chew on their bottom lip create crowding of the lower front teeth, or spacing between the upper front teeth. 

Tongue habits can occur in different areas of the mouth. If the tongue sits over the tops of the side teeth it can create an open bite which is an area where the top teeth do not touch the bottom teeth when the patient is biting their teeth together. If the tongue is leaning against the front teeth down low, it will create spacing between the lower front teeth, just as if it is leaning against the front teeth up high, it will create spacing between the upper front teeth.  If it is leaning between the top and bottom teeth in the front it will create an anterior open bite, i.e. the top teeth will not overlap the bottom teeth in the front. Sometimes the patient leans their tongue on specific teeth with less force or duration, and instead of moving the teeth, the excessive force generated on the teeth accelerates loss of bone and gum around the teeth. (Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth- the gums and bones. It is cause by bacteria which live in the mouth.  When the bacteria are removed frequently (by daily brushing and flossing) the inflammation levels are low, and there is no disease.  When the bacteria are not efficiently removed, the “bad” bacteria set up housekeeping and flourish causing inflammation which is seen as red, puffy, bleeding gums.  Over time the bone around the teeth is lost leaving the roots of the teeth visible in the mouth.  When there is excessive force applied to the teeth, from leaning the tongue on the teeth or from clenching/grinding the teeth, the rate of bone loss is accelerated. Then the roots start showing even in cases where the gums are not visibly red, puffy, and bleeding.)

Bruxism is the clenching and grinding of the teeth.  Clenching is when the teeth are tightly closed when there is no reason, like chewing, to be closed.  Grinding is when the patient moves the teeth “side to side” or “front to back” as if they are chewing, but there is no food present to chew. The most common reason for bruxism is stress, but it also occurs from boredom, concentration on a difficult task, or when a young child has pressure in their ears which they are trying to relieve. Bruxism does a lot of damage to the teeth and their supporting structures (which was discussed in the post October 21, 2020.)  Bruxism can also move the teeth.  When clenching, the back teeth which meet vertically, are pushed deeper into the bone, much like a nail can be hammered into a piece of wood.  As the posterior bite support is lost, the front teeth start to overlap more vertically (i.e. the bite deepens), and the front teeth bypass each other (like a scissor.)  In order for the lower teeth to stay behind the wedge shaped upper front teeth, the lower front teeth start to crowd, and the upper front teeth start to develop spaces between them.

Habits can be controlled in the daytime through awareness, but it is impossible to control habits like improper tongue posture and bruxism while one is sleeping.

Retainers and occlusal guards are used in order to prevent the shifting of teeth from mouth habits. Although retainers should be worn full time immediately after braces are removed, they can be continued at night indefinitely to protect teeth from habits.  Mouth habit appliances should be rigid so that they can’t be deformed by the habit-forces. The design of retainers was discussed in the August 2025 blog. Other appliance designs will be discussed in future blogs. 

Why did my teeth shift after the braces came off? Part 1: retainers

I often hear from patients that their teeth moved after their braces came off and they want to know why.  There are basically 3 reasons for a failed case (that was treated well.)

1. The patient did not wear their retainers properly. This is patient error.

2. The patient did not eliminate mouth habits, and did not wear appliances to protect them from their mouth habits. This is a combination of patient and dentist error (if the dentist did not make the patient aware of their habits, and/or did not make appliances that could protect the patient from these habits.)

3. The patient grew unfavorably. No one had control over this one.

4. If the teeth were not aligned in the middle of the bone ridge, they will relapse to be centered in the ridge again. The treating dentist had control over this reason.

The next few blogs will address these errors. Today we will address #1: the patient did not wear his retainers properly.

In order for teeth to move with orthodontic treatment, the bone around the teeth has to remodel.  The bone on the pressure side (the side to which we are moving the teeth) resorbs, and bone on the tension side (the side from which we are moving the teeth) rebuilds.  Over time, the teeth are surrounded by new bone.  This new bone is immature and weaker than mature bone. 

Imagine that you broke a bone and went to the orthopedist to reset the bone.  After aligning the bones to the best position, the orthopedist would put on a cast to hold the bones still, in that new position, until the bone fills into the break, and matures in that position.  The retainer is like the cast.  The teeth are slightly mobile when the orthodontic treatment is completed and the teeth need to be held in their final positions while the bone holding them matures.

A good retainer is rigid, like the cast for a broken bone is rigid.  It should hold the teeth still even if the patient leans his tongue on the retainer, or if the patient clenches or grinds his teeth.  Rigid retainers are made of hard acrylic, and have wires that hold them and the teeth in place.  

It has become common for orthodontists to use other forms of retention. Essex and aligner retainers are non- rigid vacuum formed retainers which are less expensive to make, and are less effective because they flex when forces are applied to them.  These plastic retainers also stretch out over time and need to be replaced frequently. If the treating orthodontist does not intend to provide long term retention care he may choose to use this style retainer.

It is also common for the orthodontist to "glue" the front teeth together, often with a wire or fiberglass thread that is bonded to the tongue surface of the teeth.  Bonded retainers will hold the front teeth straight with respect to each other, but the bonded  can move as a unit with respect to the back teeth.  The bonded retainers offer no retention to the back teeth, and if the patient has mouth habits (like grinding the teeth) the retainer will break as the back teeth move vertically. Bonded retainers are difficult to keep clean, and often have issues with developing cavities and gum disease.

A removable retainer has to be worn "fully seated."  If the patient lifts the retainers with his tongue, or floats it above his teeth, it cannot do it's job.  If the patient repeatedly moves it in and out with his tongue he may actually make the teeth looser, rather than letting the teeth "tighten up." If the retainer is "floating" it is not contacting the teeth, and therefore cannot hold them in place. If the patient is holding the retainer in his hand, instead of wearing it in his mouth, the retainer can also not do it's job.

Retainers should be worn full time until the teeth "tighten up".  This takes between two and six months.  Then the wear-time should be decreased, and the mobility of the teeth should be evaluated by the orthodontist.  If the retainer always feels the same when it is replaced after a period of time, as when it is replaced immediately after removing it, it means that the teeth have not moved when the retainer was out of the mouth.  If the retainer feels different after it has been left out for a period of time, it means that the teeth had a chance to move somewhere, and the retainer had to push the teeth straight again.  The goal is to eliminate the habits that are causing the teeth to move, in order that the teeth stay in place when the retainer is removed.  Over the course of the first year the patient should be able to decrease wear-time to be only when sleeping.  The orthodontist needs to evaluate whether it is necessary to continue retainers at night indefinitely, or whether the patient can discontinue night time wear of the retainers when his face finishes growing.

Uncertainty is Stressful

None of us know what will happen next with the Corona Virus pandemic, and this uncertainty has created high levels of stress and anxiety in the world.  How we handle the stress varies, but many of us are taking out our stress on our teeth.

Bruxism, the clenching (biting down hard when there is no food to bite through) and grinding (rubbing the bottom teeth against the top teeth) of teeth damages the teeth, the periodontium (supporting structures of the teeth), and the jaw joints (aka TMJ, temperomandibular joints), and stresses the muscles of the face that help you chew. 

Some signs that you are clenching your teeth are:

-Wearing down of the biting surfaces of the teeth

-Chipping, cracking, and fracturing of the teeth

-Abfraction, the denting of the root surface at the necks of the teeth

-Loss of the bone that supports the teeth, so that the roots show, despite good dental hygiene

-Tooth pain, or dead teeth (from suffocating the teeth when cutting off their blood supply)

-Shifting of the teeth with increasing vertical overlap of front teeth, increasing spaces between the upper front teeth, and increasing crowding of the lower front teeth over time

-Facial pain and headaches

-Cracking noises from the joint in front of your ears when you open and close your mouth

There is no cure for bruxism, but you can mitigate some of the deleterious effects by:

-Making an effort to not close your teeth when you are awake, but not eating

-Wearing a custom hard, acrylic (plastic) dental appliance on all of your top teeth (which bites evenly on  all of the bottom teeth)  when you are sleeping so that you do the damage to the guard instead of to your teeth. (Dr. Okun can make this “occlusal guard” for you.)

-Limiting chewing (i.e. eat a softer diet that does not contain foods that have resistance to bite through) when you are experiencing periods of facial pain and headaches

-Using ice paks or hot compresses on the tender muscles on the sides of your face and head

-Puffing out your cheeks, as if you are blowing bubbles, to stretch and release tension in your chewing muscles

-Taking anti-anxiety herbs (such as Valerian, Lemon Balm, or Chamomile) in tea or pill form before bed

Uncertainty Stress and "TMJ" Facial Pain

 

No one knows what’s going to happen next.  Will schools open for “ in person learning” this month?  Will gatherings of students start a second wave of the COVID19 pandemic?  Will restaurants open for indoor dining?  Will gyms be able to meet their overhead expenses with only half the number of clients in order to meet social distancing guidelines? Will small businesses survive the long shut-downs? Will parents be able to go back to work when their children are staying home for remote learning?

One thing that is certain is that uncertainty is a stress that takes a toll on our health. 

One way many of us deal with stress is by clenching and grinding our teeth.  Unfortunately bruxism, the clenching and grinding of one’s teeth, is not benign.  It wears down the surface of the teeth, cracks and chips the teeth, accelerates the bone loss from gum disease, causes root resorption (shortening of the tooth roots), kills the nerves in the teeth, causes undesirable shifting of the positions of the teeth, and causes spasm of the chewing muscles and changes in the jaw joints. (Symptomatic temperomandibular joints and associated facial pain are often referred to as “TMJ”.) There is no cure for bruxism, but there is something you can do to minimize the damage it causes. 

The best treatment for “TMJ” and bruxism is to wear a hard plastic guard on all of the top teeth at night.  This “occlusal guard’ should cover all of the top teeth and touch all of the bottom teeth evenly when the teeth are closed, so that the teeth are all splinted together and share forces evenly. That way the damage from the excessive forces is done to the plastic instead of to the teeth and their supporting structures. The guard should never be soft; a soft guard will allow the teeth to rock back and forth as the plastic flexes.  Although Soft guards protect the teeth from chipping, they can accelerate the loss of the bone that keeps the teeth in the mouth.  The guard should cover every tooth on the top, and touch as many bottom teeth as possible; that way the teeth don’t shift, altering the bite.  A properly made custom occlusal guard is not something you can buy over-the-counter in the drug store.  Dr. Judith Okun has years of experience treating TMJ and facial pain with properly made occlusal guards.  Call her office at (914) 253-0722 to set up an appointment to evaluate if you are taking out your stress on your teeth, and if you could benefit from the night time use of a custom occlusal guard.

Okun Orthodontics is Now Open

Dear patient,

In a surprise announcement by Governor Cuomo on May 31, all dental office in New York State are permitted to open June 1, 2020. We are so excited to be able to get back on track with all of your treatments.  In order to provide a safe environment for you when you are in our office, we are following the guidelines of New York State, the Centers for Disease Control, the Department of Health, the New York State Dental Association, and the American Dental Association for infection control and social distancing. Please read this letter so you know what to expect when you come to our office.

Everyone in the building must wear a mask over their mouth and nose at all times except when it is necessary to remove it for dental (or medical) treatment.

Call from the parking area to see if we have a room open for you.  Reception area seating has been limited to maintain social distancing. We have also eliminated high touch items from the reception area; there will be no blocks, books, magazines, patient information pamphlets or game cube controllers available until the Corona Virus is no longer a threat, so there is no entertainment waiting for you in our office. We are making an effort to schedule more lightly to minimize wait times and maintain social distancing; this might mean that you will be offered fewer options when scheduling your appointment.

Only one person may accompany a patient into the office.  Please leave additional “visitors” (siblings, friends, parents) at home.  If a second parent would like to participate in a treatment discussion, we will include them over a video-conference medium like face time or Skype.

Take the stairs; avoid the elevators if you don’t need them. The doors to the stairways are propped open so that you don’t need to touch them. The elevators are limited to 2 passengers at a time.

Use the bathroom before you leave your house. We can’t control the number of people in the building’s restrooms.

Please wait at the door to the office until there is someone at the front desk to greet you, take your temperature, and ask you screening questions.  If you or someone with whom you have spent time has had a fever, cough, shortness of breath, inexplicable loss of taste or smell, or has tested positive for COVID19 in the last two weeks, please call to reschedule your appointment. If you come with these symptoms we will not be able to treat you and we will be rescheduling your appointment anyway.  Also, if you develop these symptoms within 2 weeks of the time you were here, please call us so that we can notify anyone with whom you may have had contact in our office.

Once you have passed pre-screening, you will be directed to a sink in the treatment room for all parties to wash their hands with soap and water.  Patients will rinse with ioRinse to minimize the number of viable microbes that may be aerosolized during treatment procedures.  IF YOU ARE ALLERGIC TO IODINE PLEASE LET US KNOW SO THAT WE MAY GIVE YOU AN ALTERNATIVE RINSE. Please throw paper towels in the green pail near the entrance to the room, not under the sink.  Please save your cup in case you need it to rinse during your appointment.

After your appointment, please wait in the treatment room until there are no other patients waiting at the front desk.  Then walk to the reception room and speak to the front desk staff through the glass window to schedule appointments or make payments.

We look forward to seeing you again and are happy to answer any questions you may have about the steps we take to keep you, and every patient, safe in our practice. To make an appointment, please call our office at (914) 253-0722. 

Thank you for being our patient. We value your trust and loyalty and look forward to welcoming back our patients, neighbors and friends.

Sincerely,

Dr. Judith Okun, Tracey, Corinne, and Deborah

The Power of Prayer

Years ago I read a Reader’s Digest Summary of a scientific study on the Power of Prayer which had been published in a medical journal. The patient records of cardiac patients from several hospitals were compiled and then divided into two groups, to make each group (the test and the control) equal by severity of illness and types of treatment.  The names of the patients (with some personal information about each of them) in the test group were given to strangers with the instructions for each person to pray for his/her assigned patient “in any way you see fit.”  None of the patients or hospital personnel were told who was in the study group.  At the end of the study there was a statistical difference between the groups, as if the test group was given a “miracle drug.”(Note that this study would have been illegal in today’s world because of HIPAA privacy laws.) 

We are living in a unique time.  Every continent in the world, except Antartica, has been affected by this COVID-19 pandemic.  Our hospitals are overwhelmed with the sheer numbers of infected patients who need care. There are not enough respirators and personal protective equipment to meet the needs. Businesses and schools have been closed to limit the spread of the illness. Routine medical care has been put on hold. Dentists cannot deliver needed care to our patients because the illness is spread by both breath and saliva; Dental procedures aerosolize the virus, and the virus stays airborne for up to three hours. Dentists do not have hospital air filtration, hospital gowns, and N95 masks which would be necessary to deliver care in our offices. 

We need to slow down the rate that this virus is infecting people, and we need to limit the number of people who are infected- both those that are ill and those that are asymptomatic carriers. Social distancing is one tool we are using to limit the spread of the virus, but it is not enough.  We all need to pray, in whatever way is comfortable for us. Pray for a speedy end to this pandemic, for a speedy and complete recovery for the people who have been infected, for the mental health of all of us living in social isolation, for the return of a healthy economy, and for the return of our normal lifestyles, before the virus took over.- A personal note from Dr. Judith Okun